Policy and Invention
Questions!
1) Give a brief explanations about their policy and invention for each oh them:
- Herman William Daendels
- Thomas Stamford Raffles
- Van Den Bosch
- Multatuli
- Conrad Theodore van Deventer
- Van der Cappellen
- Willem Janssen
2) Use picture in your explanations!
3) Have to use English
Answer :
1. Herman William Daendels :
DAENDELS POLICIES IN INDONESIA :
1.Fill the cash void
2.Save java island nation from attack or threat by the governor of united kingdom.
And herman willem daendels measures taken include :
1.Defense
a.Built road from anyer to panarukan roughly 100o kilometers are completed within one year with hard
labor / sweatshop in every 7 kilometers built save post.
b.build a fort in the center of the city and its defense in kalijati bandung.
2.Finance
a.issung paper currency.
system of servitude called Rodi Work. The people must work hard to build the general advice without remuneration. Thousands of people died while working on the manufacture of these motorways.
Daendels actions sparked conflict with the local Indonesian rulers. The authoritarian measures Daendels made King Louis Napoleon Bonaparte Daendels call back to the Netherlands and replaced by GubernurJenderal Jansens.
2.Thomas Stamford Raffles
b.build a fort in the center of the city and its defense in kalijati bandung.
2.Finance
a.issung paper currency.
b.Sell producive land to private property of the people that show up private land that many people have china,Arab,and Netherlands.
3.Areas of Government
a.Dividing island of java to 9 regions,each headed by a regional head
b.Move the seat of government of sunda kelapa to welterreden (now the supreme court building in Jakarta).
4.Social
a.The practice of slavery
b.require work crews for the indigenous people.
In the forced to oblige the people to run the government deandels be very hard and cruel.Finally in 1811,daendels was called back to the country and the dutch governor general was replaced by a very different jansens with daendels,governor general of jansens very weak in carrying out their duties,so that he was forced to surrender to the united kingdom,and must sign the tuntang at 1811.At the time Indonesia falls into untied kingdom.
system of servitude called Rodi Work. The people must work hard to build the general advice without remuneration. Thousands of people died while working on the manufacture of these motorways.
Daendels actions sparked conflict with the local Indonesian rulers. The authoritarian measures Daendels made King Louis Napoleon Bonaparte Daendels call back to the Netherlands and replaced by GubernurJenderal Jansens.
2.Thomas Stamford Raffles
RAFFLES POLICIES IN INDONESIA :
a.field and government
1.make bureaucracy and the island of java to 18 residency,lasted until 1964
2.changed system of government which was originally performed by native rulers into the colonial system of government west patterned.
3.system jury set in court
b.economics and finance
1.farmers are given the freedom to grow export crops most favorable.
c.law
system defined justice better than raffles conducted by dandles because oriented skin color,raffles more oriented to large false.
d.sociality
erase peonage and slavery,but in practice is breaking the law them selves by performing similar activities slavery.
e.knowledge
1.write science book called history of java in London in 1817 and divided into two volumes
2.wrote a book called history of the east Indian archipelago in eidenburg in 1820 and divided into three volumes.raffles also actively supports bataviaach genootschap,a bevy of culture and science.
3.Find Arnold Raffles flower and make kebun raya bogor.
1.make bureaucracy and the island of java to 18 residency,lasted until 1964
2.changed system of government which was originally performed by native rulers into the colonial system of government west patterned.
3.system jury set in court
b.economics and finance
1.farmers are given the freedom to grow export crops most favorable.
c.law
system defined justice better than raffles conducted by dandles because oriented skin color,raffles more oriented to large false.
d.sociality
erase peonage and slavery,but in practice is breaking the law them selves by performing similar activities slavery.
e.knowledge
1.write science book called history of java in London in 1817 and divided into two volumes
2.wrote a book called history of the east Indian archipelago in eidenburg in 1820 and divided into three volumes.raffles also actively supports bataviaach genootschap,a bevy of culture and science.
3.Find Arnold Raffles flower and make kebun raya bogor.
3.Van Den Bosch
Reign of van den Bosch
provisions cultivation (culture stelsel ) is :
1.provision of land for cultivation approval based on population
2.land provided not more than one-fifth
3.the land tax exemption
4.excess yield will be given to farmers
5.Work no more than a rice paddy planting time
6.Crop failures are not the fault of farmers is the responsibility of government
7.For those who don't own land or factories employed in government plantations
8.implemention by indigenous leaders
Policy deviations cultivation :
1.land supply agreement by force
2.land is used more than one-fifth
3.workmanship for a period exceeding cultivation of rice planting
4.the land is still subject to tax
5.excess yields are not given to farmers
6.Crop failure is the responsibility of farmers
7.labor force used coercion
4.Multatuli
1.provision of land for cultivation approval based on population
2.land provided not more than one-fifth
3.the land tax exemption
4.excess yield will be given to farmers
5.Work no more than a rice paddy planting time
6.Crop failures are not the fault of farmers is the responsibility of government
7.For those who don't own land or factories employed in government plantations
8.implemention by indigenous leaders
Policy deviations cultivation :
1.land supply agreement by force
2.land is used more than one-fifth
3.workmanship for a period exceeding cultivation of rice planting
4.the land is still subject to tax
5.excess yields are not given to farmers
6.Crop failure is the responsibility of farmers
7.labor force used coercion
4.Multatuli
Figures who defend these truths to work from one place to which,he served as resident assistant,specially at lebak,and while serving employees in the valley,multatuli witnessed the torture of his people against the incident indigenous.Multatuli see struggle to liberate the first indigenous.Multatuli reported behavior of colonial injustice that both bumiputera abd officials of the central government,but what happened instead was ignored by the government.at uncertain conditions multatuli
prefer to resign of his post.he willing to live poor for the struggle
against the kinds of actions and complaints,but these figures are not
pessimistic,then he drew his pen exert tried to arouse the consciousness
of many people.so he wrote a novel titled max havelaar
was first published at 1860 with this literature,he dismantle the
exploitative practices of colonial rules over the people son of
earth,middle-class mentality dutch and call for justice.
7.Willem Janssens
5.Conrad theodore van deventer
Ethical politics or reciprocation is a thought which states that the colonial government holds moral responsibility for the welfare of natives . This thinking is a political critique of cultivation .
The emergence of the Ethical pioneered by Pieter Brooshooft ( De Locomotief newspaper reporter ) and C.Th. van Deventer ( politician ) apparently opened the eyes of the colonial government to pay more attention to the plight of the backward natives .
On 17 September 1901 , Queen Wilhelmina 's new throne speech opening Parliament asserted in the Netherlands , that the Dutch government has a moral calling and indebtedness ( een eerschuld ) against the indigenous peoples in the Dutch East Indies . Queen Wilhelmina was poured into a moral calling ethical policy , which is summarized in the Triassic Van deventer program that includes :
Irrigation ( watering ) , to build and repair irrigation - irrigation and dams for agricultural purposes
Emigration which invites residents to transmigrate
Education that is expanding in the field of teaching and education
Many people connect the new policy is the Dutch political thought and writings tulsian Van Deventer published some time earlier , so Van Deventer was then known as the originator of this ethical politics .
The first and second policy abused by the Dutch government to construct irrigation for Dutch plantations and emigration is done by moving the population to Dutch plantation area to be used as forced labor . Only meaningful education for Indonesia .
Ethical political influence in the field of teaching and education all play an important role in the development and expansion of education and teaching in the Dutch East Indies . One of a group of highly ethical instrumental in this field is Mr . J.H. Abendanon (1852-1925) that the Minister of Culture , Religion , and Crafts for five years ( 1900-1905 ) . Since 1900 these schools stand , both for the aristocracy and the common people are almost evenly distributed in these areas .
Meanwhile , the community has been a sort of mental exchange between the Dutch and native people . The ethical political supporters are also concerned about getting an indigenous socio - cultural discrimination . To achieve this goal , they tried to resuscitate the natives in order to escape the shackles of feudal and develop themselves according to the Western model , which includes the process of emancipation and education demands towards self-reliance.
Ethical politics or reciprocation is a thought which states that the colonial government holds moral responsibility for the welfare of natives . This thinking is a political critique of cultivation .
The emergence of the Ethical pioneered by Pieter Brooshooft ( De Locomotief newspaper reporter ) and C.Th. van Deventer ( politician ) apparently opened the eyes of the colonial government to pay more attention to the plight of the backward natives .
On 17 September 1901 , Queen Wilhelmina 's new throne speech opening Parliament asserted in the Netherlands , that the Dutch government has a moral calling and indebtedness ( een eerschuld ) against the indigenous peoples in the Dutch East Indies . Queen Wilhelmina was poured into a moral calling ethical policy , which is summarized in the Triassic Van deventer program that includes :
Irrigation ( watering ) , to build and repair irrigation - irrigation and dams for agricultural purposes
Emigration which invites residents to transmigrate
Education that is expanding in the field of teaching and education
Many people connect the new policy is the Dutch political thought and writings tulsian Van Deventer published some time earlier , so Van Deventer was then known as the originator of this ethical politics .
The first and second policy abused by the Dutch government to construct irrigation for Dutch plantations and emigration is done by moving the population to Dutch plantation area to be used as forced labor . Only meaningful education for Indonesia .
Ethical political influence in the field of teaching and education all play an important role in the development and expansion of education and teaching in the Dutch East Indies . One of a group of highly ethical instrumental in this field is Mr . J.H. Abendanon (1852-1925) that the Minister of Culture , Religion , and Crafts for five years ( 1900-1905 ) . Since 1900 these schools stand , both for the aristocracy and the common people are almost evenly distributed in these areas .
Meanwhile , the community has been a sort of mental exchange between the Dutch and native people . The ethical political supporters are also concerned about getting an indigenous socio - cultural discrimination . To achieve this goal , they tried to resuscitate the natives in order to escape the shackles of feudal and develop themselves according to the Western model , which includes the process of emancipation and education demands towards self-reliance.
6.Van der capellen
The main factor enactment cultivation system in Indonesia is the financial difficulties experienced by the Dutch Government. Dutch expenditures used to finance military purposes as a result of the Belgian War of 1830 in the Netherlands and the Java War or Diponegoro War (1825-1830) in Indonesia. The war ended with the independence of Belgium Belgium (split from the Netherlands) and cause financial Belandamemburuk. Diponegoro War is the most expensive war for the Dutch in the face of resistance from the natives which is about 20 million guilders.
Attempt to rescue the Dutch financial actually been done since the reign of Van der Capellen (1819-1825). Van der Capellen implementing a policy that ensures the Javanese to use and reap the rewards of their land freely. Policies adopted when it is expected to drive the Javanese to produce products that can be sold so much easier for them to pay rent for the land. This policy failed because the Java War due to additional spending and a slump in commodity prices in the world's tropical agriculture.
Attempt to rescue the Dutch financial actually been done since the reign of Van der Capellen (1819-1825). Van der Capellen implementing a policy that ensures the Javanese to use and reap the rewards of their land freely. Policies adopted when it is expected to drive the Javanese to produce products that can be sold so much easier for them to pay rent for the land. This policy failed because the Java War due to additional spending and a slump in commodity prices in the world's tropical agriculture.
7.Willem Janssens
Government of jendral janssen
When Janssens rule in Indonesia, the Indonesian government is not in a state of good / bad, among others:
When Janssens rule in Indonesia, the Indonesian government is not in a state of good / bad, among others:
- The state of the country is not stable due to the country's financial plight.
- There are good relations between the Dutch government in Indonesia with the kings of Java due Daendels action.
- Force war inherited by Daendels not as strong as expected.
à Janssens is not as powerful and strong as Daendels, so the state is used by the British to attack.
à On August 11, 1811, British forces led by Lord Minto attacking Java. Direct attacks intended to Batavia (Dutch administrative center in Indonesia). The Dutch pressed and finally surrendered to the British. Janssens surrendered at time Tuntang (near the town of Salatiga), and signed an agreement Tuntang as a form of defeat and submission Indonesia.
Tuntang the agreement:
§ All owned by the Dutch military forces in Southeast Asia had to be handed over to the British and British prisoners.
§ Debt Dutch rule in Indonesia is not recognized UK.
§ Java, Madura, and all the Dutch base in Outer Java became British territory
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